Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the major reason behind the deaths of much population and in those with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Cardiovascular deaths are common in patients that are suffering from CKD than advancement to final phase of renal disease. Cardiovascular death considers for more than 40 percentages of overall impermanence and amid patients on dialysis with severe myocardial infarction accounts for a section of all deaths caused by CVD. CKD is a recognized individual risk factor for CVD and is broadly considered a coronary artery disease (CAD). Conventional risk factors are more widespread in CKD patients and are challenging to manage. Non-conventional risk factors such as oxidative stress, inflammation, and coronary artery categorization also have deep contrary associations in CKD patients. The results of cardiovascular disease have developed after the transplantation of kidney. On the other hand, the risk factors of post-transplant have an adverse effect of cardiac that remains higher than general population.

During the year 2011 to 2014, country like USA has faced worldwide health problem due to CKD. Approximately 7.1% of adults having an age of around 20 years are effected with stage 1 and 2 CKD. Likewise 6.4% population has affected with stage 3 and 4 CKD respectively. Due to this rising quantity of end stage kidney disease cases, there was high cost burden to the health care of USA.  Cardiovascular disease in CKD patients has forecasted low results and prospects especially after severe myocardial infarction. Lifestyle interferences, organization of lipids and control of blood pressure assists CKD patient. Renal transplant expands survival, but CVD remains more contrasted to usual population.

Regards

Calvin Parker
Editorial Assistant
Journal of Nephrology and Urology